Upcycling mangosteen peels into niosomal-entrapped extract for underarm care products

Narongrit Lahpun

Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University 10220, Thailand

Yanin Rakmitr

Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University 10220, Thailand

Thitima Wannasiri

Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University 10220, Thailand

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.57

Keywords: Antiperspirant Delivery system Mangosteen extract Niosome Cosmeceutical

Abstract

People with underarms body odor often lack self-confidence. Mangosteen peel extract (MPE) has been extensively studied for its ability to reduce body odor by developing niosome product as the delivery system with slow and efficient release to upcycle food waste into cosmeceutical innovations. The MPE antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with total flavonoid content (TFC), and anti-tyrosinase activity assessed using dopachrome method. The MPE obtained by ethanol maceration showed antioxidant activity with an with IC50 value of 230.28 mg/L, and the flavonoid content was 4,742.59 ± 2.62 mg quantitative easing (QE) /100 g dry weight. The anti-tyrosinase activity was 67.04 mg/L. The MPE was entrapped by niosomes using the thin-film method, and the particle size was reduced with an ultrasonic bath. The ratio of niosome formula between Span 60 (SP60), cholesterol, and MPE at 1:1:0.1 giving the highest entrapment efficiency of 65.05% ± 0.01, and zeta potential value of -46.1 mV was selected for further study. The underarm care products containing niosomes passed the accelerated stability test using the heating-cooling cycle method with no phase separation. The α-mangostin release comparison between the MPE and the niosomes was carried out using Franz diffusion cells. The release profile of the niosomes was more gradual than for MPE indicating that niosomes can be utilized as an innovative ingredient for underarm care products.

How to Cite

Lahpun, N., Rakmitr, Y., & Wannasiri, T. . (2025). Upcycling mangosteen peels into niosomal-entrapped extract for underarm care products. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 30(04), APST–30. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.57

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