Gendy Ayodya Alfarizi
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Kalimantan Street 37, 68121 Jember, East Java, Indonesia
Noven Pramitasari
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Kalimantan Street 37, 68121 Jember, East Java, Indonesia
Ririn Endah Badriani
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember, Kalimantan Street 37, 68121 Jember, East Java, Indonesia
Keywords: adsorbent, detergent, efficiency, phosphate level
Abstract
Laundry activities significantly contribute to water pollution due to the high phosphate content in detergents. When released into the environment, phosphates can cause eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluates the potential of teak wood dust (Tectona grandis) as a low-cost and sustainable precursor for producing activated carbon to reduce phosphate levels in laundry wastewater. Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation with H₃PO₄, which enhances porosity, surface area, and form oxygen-containing functional groups that promote phosphate adsorption. The produced activated carbon was characterized by determining its moisture content, ash content, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum to identify functional groups. The adsorption was performed in batch mode with variations in adsorbent mass (1, 3, and 5 g) and contact time (90-180 min). The objectives were to assess the effectiveness of teak wood dust-based activated carbon, determine the optimal conditions, and analyze adsorption kinetics. Results showed that teak wood dust-derived activated carbon effectively reduced phosphate concentrations below the standard limit. The highest adsorption efficiency occurred with 5 g of adsorbent and a 90-min contact time, while longer times decreased efficiency. The adsorption followed a zero-order kinetic model (R² = 0.965), indicating a nearly constant rate. These findings demonstrate that teak wood dust-based activated carbon provides an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable solution for treating phosphate-rich laundry wastewater.
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