Drug Metabolic Variability of CYP3A4*2, GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and its correlation with clinical phenotyping in South Indians

Priyanka Pallapolu

National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, ESI x Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Thulasamma Seelamneni

National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, ESI x Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Ghazala Javed

Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), New Delhi, India

Munawwar Husain Kazmi

National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, ESI x Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Alokananda Chakraborty

National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, ESI x Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Asim Ali Khan

Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), New Delhi, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.46

Keywords: Drug Metabolism Temperaments Drug Metabolizing Genes PCR-RFLP Phenotype-Genotype

Abstract

Drug metabolism studies associated with traditional medicine could provide a better insight for understanding the human body differential susceptibility to disease, drug response and even the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Thus, the present investigation is designed to identify the genetic variations in drug metabolizing genes and correlate them with different phenotypes (temperaments) in healthy volunteers according to Unani medicine of philosophy. Four hundred (400 – 100 sanguine (Damwi), 100 Phlegmatic (Balghami), 100 Bilious (Safrawi) and 100 Melancholic (Saudawi)) normal healthy adults of either sex within the age group of 25-55 years formed the subjects of the study. The peripheral blood samples of these individuals were analyzed for CYP3A4*2 (664 T>C), GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms. The frequency of mutant allele ‘C’ in CYP3A4*2 (664 T>C) gene polymorphism was found to be high in Safrawi individuals (14.5%) when compared to other temperament individuals. The GSTM1 null genotypes were high in Balghami (20%) and Damwi (20%) individuals whereas Cytochrome 1 null genotypes were high in Saudawi individuals (12%) when compared to other temperament individuals. In combination analysis both the GSTM1 \ GSTT1 null genotypes were observed high in Saudawi (8%) when compared to other temperament individuals. Based on the assorted polymorphic variations obtained from the study, it is evident that there were differences in the metabolic activity of different phenotypic clusters (temperaments). Thus; the study brings out the possible phenotype-genotype correlation which would be useful in future pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine concepts in traditional medicine.

How to Cite

Pallapolu, P., Seelamneni , T., Javed, G., Kazmi, M. H. ., Chakraborty, A., & Khan, A. A. (2025). Drug Metabolic Variability of CYP3A4*2, GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms and its correlation with clinical phenotyping in South Indians. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 30(03), APST–30. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.46

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