Strength properties of crushed Mangima Stone as coarse aggregate for pavement base materials stabilized with sugarcane bagasse ash

Vera Karla S. Caingles

Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

Edgem Lloyd S. Balabis

Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.17

Keywords: Base coarse materials Mangima stone Materials engineering Sugarcane bagasse ash

Abstract

The demand for base coarse materials has increased as a result of the fast growth in road infrastructure development, imposing stress on the available resources. To address this problem, this study explores the viability of using Portland cement, sugarcane bagasse ash, and Mangima aggregate as the fundamental components for road bases. An extensive number of laboratory experiments, including the Sieve Analysis Test, Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit Test, Abrasion Test, Modified Proctor Test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS). Stabilized base coarse composed of two sets, control mix: (Mangima stone + soil + cement) and design mix (Mangima stone + soil + cement + varying amount of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). Results revealed that the mixture of 3% sugarcane bagasse ash and 6% cement yielded the highest Maximum Dry Density (MDD), CBR, and UCS values of 2101 kg/m³, 102.6%, and 102.6psi, respectively Hence, the results of this study indicate that 100% Crushed Mangima aggregate replacement, combined with 6% cement and 3% SCBA can indeed be considered as a viable alternative coarse aggregate for road base applications. Moreover, further study on increasing the amount of SCBA while decreasing the amount of cement is recommended.

How to Cite

Caingles, V. K. S., & Balabis, E. L. S. (2025). Strength properties of crushed Mangima Stone as coarse aggregate for pavement base materials stabilized with sugarcane bagasse ash. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 30(02), APST–30. https://doi.org/10.14456/apst.2025.17

References

Gidigasu MD. Characterization and use of tropical gravels for pavement construction in West Africa. Geotech Geol Eng. 1991;9(3-4):219-260.

Nwakaire CM, Yap SP, Onn CC, Yuen CW, Ibrahim HA. Utilisation of recycled concrete aggregates for sustainable highway pavement applications: A review. Constr Build Mater. 2020;235:117444.

Kelsey C. Bases and subbases for concrete pavement performance [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sept 15]. Available from https://www.geosynthetica.com/concrete-pavement-performance-bases-subbases/.

Gonfa L, Quezon E, Geremew A. Experimental study on application of marble waste as conventional aggregate for base coarse materials. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology. 2020;11(2):144-163.

Poernomo Y, Winarto S, Mahardana Z, Karisma D Ajiono R. The limestone as a materials combination of base coarse on the road pavement. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021;1125(1):012019.

Dungca J, Florentino K, Dychangco T. Strength properties of road base materials blended with waste limestones. Int J GEOMATE. 2016;11(25):2493-2498.

Broere P. Use of recycled aggregate – The best road base material [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Nov 20]. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313106736_Use_of_recycled_aggregate_-_The_best_road _base_material.

Batioja D. Evaluation of cement stabilization of a road base material in conjunction with full-depth reclamation in Huaquillas, Ecuador. Masters Thesis [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Oct 20]. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326997881_Evaluation_of_cement_stabilization_of_a_road_base_material_in_conjunction_with_full-depth_reclamation_in_Huaquillas_Ecuador#fullTextFileContent.

Bandara W, Mampearachchi W, Hewage S. Cement stabilized soil as a road base material for use in Sri Lankan roads. Eng J Inst Eng Sri Lanka. 2017;L(1):21-29.

Dixon P. Factors affecting the strength of road base stabilized with cement slurry or dry cement in conjunction with full-depth reclamation [Dissertations]. Provo: Brigham Young University; 2011.

Baghini M, Ismail A, Karim M, Shokri F, Firoozi A. Effect of styrene–butadiene copolymer latex on properties and durability of road base stabilized with Portland cement additive. Constr Build Mater. 2014;68:740-749.

Ferguson E, Hoover J. Improvement of granular base coarse materials with Portland Cement [Internet]. 1965 [cited 2023 Nov 22]. Available from https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130532938.

Bhattacharja S, Bhatty J, Todres A. Stabilization of clay soils by Portland Cement or Lime – A critical review of literature. PCA R&D Serial No. 2066, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois USA. 2003.

Kestler MA. Stabilization selection guide for aggregate- and native-surfaced low-volume roads. Washington, DC: USDA, Forest Service, National Technology & Development Program; 2009.

Benhelal E, Zahedi G, Shamsaei E, Bahadori A. Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry. J Clean Prod. 2013;51:142-161.

Devi BM, Chore HS. Feasibility study on bagasse ash as light weight material for road construction. Mater Today. 2020;27:1668–1673.

Mulinari DR, Voorwald HC, Cioffi MH, da-Silva MP, da-Cruz TG, Saron C. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose/HDPE composites obtained by extrusion. Comp Sci Technol. 2009;69:214–219.

Yadav S, Ray D. Utilization of sugarcane bagasse ash in bitumen. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2019;8(4):479-481.

Sabat A. Utilization of bagasse ash and lime sludge for construction of flexible pavements in expansive soil areas, Electronic J Geo Eng. 2012;17:1037–1046.

Hailu B. Bagasse ash as cement replacing material [Thesis]. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University; 2011.

Rajkuman P, Krishnan K, Ravichandran P, Harini T. Study on the use of bagasse ash paver blocks in low volume traffic road pavement. Indian J Sci Technol. 2016;9(5):1-6.

Zia A, Khan A. Effectiveness of bagasse ash for performance improvement of asphalt concrete pavements. SN Appl Sci. 2021;3(4):1-11.

Tingson, T. Study on the stabilization of laterite soils as road base/subbase materials. Bureau of Research and Standards, Department of Public Works and Highways; 2017.

Cabahug RR, Cabahug RG, Lamberte JCL, Neri AC. Mangima stone as alternative coarse aggregate in concrete. Mindanao J Sci Technol. 2011;9:19-28.

Calibara JB, Cabahug RR. Effects of water-reducing admixture on the compressive strength of concrete using crushed Mangima stone as fine aggregate. Mindanao J Sci Technol. 2020;18(2):56-72.

Getes E, Caingles V. Evaluation of the compressive strength of paver blocks with the inclusion of Mangima stone and Eggshell powder. Int J Health Sci. 2022;12044-12053.

Simeon L. Bukidnon raises concerns over relaxing sugar imports [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Nov 27]. Available from https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/01/29/1888895/bukidnon-raises-concerns-over-relaxing-sugarimports#:~:text=Bukidnon%20accounts%20for%2072%20percent,municipalities%20with%2011%2C395%20sugarcane%20farmers.

Asgari MR, Dezfuli AB, Bayat M. Experimental study on stabilization of a low plasticity clayey soil with cement/lime. Arab J Sci. 2015;8(3):1439-1452.

Nweke H, Okogbue CO. The potential of cement stabilized shale quarry dust for possible use as road foundation material. Int J Geo Eng. 2017;8(1):1-14.